Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1 - Introduction: Are Cyber Strategies Coercive?
Chapter 2 - How Rival States Employ Cyber Strategy: Disruption, Espionage, and Degradation
Chapter 3 - The Correlates of Cyber Strategy
Chapter 4 - Cyber Coercion as a Combined Strategy
Chapter 5 - Commissars and Crooks: Russian Cyber Coercion
Chapter 6 - China and the Technology Gap: Chinese Strategic Behavior in Cyberspace
Chapter 7 - The United States: The Cyber Reconnaissance-Strike Complex
Chapter 8 - Conclusion: Cyber Political Warfare with Limited Effects
Appendix 1: The Dyadic Cyber Incident and Dispute Dataset Version 1.1
Appendix 2: Cyber Strategy Summary
Appendix 3: The Dyadic Cyber Incident and Dispute Dataset (DCID), version 1.1, summarized version
Notes
Bibliography
Index

About the Author

Brandon Valeriano is the Donald Bren Chair of Armed Conflict at the Marine Corps University and a Senior Fellow at the Niskanen Center. He has published five books and dozens of articles in outlets including The Washington Post, Journal of Politics, and International Studies Quarterly. His ongoing research explores documenting cyber events, biological examinations of cyber threat, and repression in cyberspace.

Benjamin Jensen is an Associate Professor at Marine Corps University and a Scholar-in-Residence at American University, School of International Service. His research explores the changing character of conflict as it relates to strategy and military innovation, themes explored in his first book, Forging the Sword: Doctrinal Change in the U.S. Army (Stanford University Press 2016) and his "Next War" column at War on the Rocks.

Ryan C. Maness is an Assistant Professor in the Defense Analysis Department at the Naval Postgraduate School. His research includes cyber conflict, cyber security, cyber coercion, cyber strategies, information warfare, Russian foreign policy, American foreign policy, and conflict-cooperation dynamics between states using Big Data. He is coauthor of Russia's Coercive Diplomacy: Energy, Cyber and Maritime Policy as New Sources of Power (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015), and
Cyber War versus Cyber Realities: Cyber Conflict in the International System (Oxford University Press, 2015).

Reviews

"This hugely important work needs to be an inspiration for future works across the cyber field. Nuanced, subtle, and extremely well written, the work aims to explain what cyber strategy may actually be, how it comes in diverse forms not only across issue areas but across state interests, and whether or not cyber really does signal an entirely new and different era in warfare. Summing up: Essential." -- M. D. Crosston, CHOICE
"Cyber Strategy makes a compelling case that our new age of connectivity is also one of vulnerability. Not only due to the potential for disruption of democratic processes and theft or ransoming of valuable information. But also because many nations believe, perhaps mistakenly, that they can commit predatory acts in cyberspace DL to spy, extort, or simply inflict costs upon others DL with little fear of escalation to wider warfare. Valeriano, Jensen,
and Maness examine these and other issues in cyber strategy, rigorously and unflinchingly." -- John Arquilla, Distinguished Professor of Defense Analysis, United States Naval Postgraduate School
"The United States is dangerously insecure in cyberspace and we are at great risk from both nation state adversaries and non-state actors alike. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the utility and efficacy of cyber coercion and great insight into how we can reevaluate cyber strategy. We hope to push the United States into a position where we can defend our nation and, if required, impose costs on our adversaries, serious work like Cyber
Strategy provides a solid foundation for these efforts." -- Mike Gallagher, , U.S. Representative for Wisconsin's 8th Congressional District
"In a new era of cyber coercion, we have more to fear from state-backed botnets manipulating our social media feed than from cyber bombs destroying our electric grid. "Avoiding both hype and complacency, this important book uses empirical evidence to illuminate the strategies of disruption, espionage, and degradation that threaten us, and to outline what we can do about it."-Joseph S. Nye, Jr., author of The Future of Power
"Cyber Strategy brings together a tremendous amount of emerging research in the field of cyber conflict, tying theory to observed campaigns and data sets to tackle the big questions. Valeriano, Jensen, and Maness clearly lay out their hypotheses and evidence on the behavior of the main cyber powers (Russia, China, and the United States) and the dynamics of the conflict between them."-Jason Healey, Senior Research Scholar, School of International and
Public Affairs, Columbia University