Table of Contents
(Most chapters conclude with Writing Assignments and Further
Suggestions for Writing.)
FICTION.
1. Reading a Story.
Fable and Tale.The Appointment in Samarra, W. Somerset
Maugham.Godfather Death, Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm.Independence,
Chuang Tzu.Plot.The Short Story.A & P, John Updike.Writer's
Perspective.John Updike on Writing, Why Write? Writing
Critically.What's the Plot?
2. Point of View.
A Rose for Emily, William Faulkner.The Tell-Tale Heart, Edgar Allan
Poe.Cathedral, Raymond Carver.Miss Brill, Katherine
Mansfield.Writer's Perspective.Katherine Mansfield on Writing,
Creating “Miss Brill”. Writing Critically.How Point of View Shapes
a Story.Student Essay, Raymond Carver's Use of First-Person Point
of View in “Cathedral”.
3. Character.
The Jilting of Granny Weatherall, Katherine Anne Porter.Everyday
Use, Alice Walker.Gimpel the Fool, Isaac Bashevis Singer
[translated by Saul Bellow].Writer's Perspective.Isaac Bashevis
Singer on Writing, The Character of Gimpel.Writing Critically.How
Character Creates Action.
4. Setting.
The Storm, Kate Chopin.To Build a Fire, Jack London.Greasy Lake, T.
Coraghessan Boyle.A Pair of Tickets, Amy Tan.Writer's
Perspective.Amy Tan on Writing, Setting the Voice.Writing
Critically.How Time and Place Set a Story.
5. Tone and
Style.
A Clean, Well-Lighted Place, Ernest Hemingway.Barn Burning, William
Faulkner.Irony.The Necklace, Guy de Maupassant.The Gospel According
to Mark, Jorge Luis Borges.Writer's Perspective.Ernest Hemingway on
Writing, The Direct Style.Writing Critically.Be Style
Conscious.
6. Theme.
The Open Boat, Stephen Crane.Young Goodman Brown, Nathaniel
Hawthorne.The Parable of the Prodigal Son, Luke 15: 11-32.Harrison
Bergeron, Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.Writer's Perspective.Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.
on Writing, The Themes of Science Fiction.Writing
Critically.Stating the Theme.
7. Symbol.
The Chrysanthemums, John Steinbeck.The Lottery, Shirley Jackson.The
Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas, Ursula K. Le Guin.Writer's
Perspective.Ursula K. Le Guin on Writing, Note on “The Ones Who
Walk Away from Omelas”. Writing Critically.Recognizing
Symbols.Student Essay, An Analysis of the Symbolism in Steinbeck's
“The Chrysanthemums”.
8. Evaluating a Story.
Writing Critically.Know What You're Judging.
9. Reading Long
Stories and Novels.
Sonny's Blues, James Baldwin.The Metamorphosis, Franz
Kafka.Writer's Perspective.Franz Kafka on Writing, Discussing The
Metamorphosis.Writing Critically.Leaving Things Out.
10. A Writer
in Depth.
Flannery O'Connor.Everything That Rises Must Converge, Flannery
O'Connor.A Good Man is Hard to Find, Flannery O'Connor.Writer's
Perspective.Flannery O'Connor on Writing, The Element of Suspense
in “A Good Man is Hard to Find”. Flannery O'Connor on Writing, The
Serious Writer and the Tired Reader.Writing Critically.How One
Story Illuminates Another.
11. Stories for Further
Reading.
Civil Peace, Chinua Achebe.Paul's Case, Willa Cather.Barbie-Q,
Sandra Cisneros.Battle Royal, Ralph Ellison.1933, Mavis Gallant.A
Very Old Man with Enormous Wings, Gabriel Garcìa Màrquez.The Yellow
Wallpaper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman.On the Road, Langston
Hughes.Sweat, Zora Neale Hurston.In the American Society, Gish
Jen.Araby, James Joyce.Girl, Jamaica Kincaid.The Rocking-Horse
Winner, D. H. Lawrence.A Woman on a Roof, Doris Lessing.How I Met
My Husband, Alice Munro.Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?,
Joyce Carol Oates.The Things They Carried, Tim O'Brien.I Stand Here
Ironing, Tillie Olsen.The Man to Send Rain Clouds, Leslie Marmon
Silko.A Visit of Charity, Eudora Welty.
POETRY.
12. Reading a Poem.
The Lake Isle of Innisfree, William Butler Yeats.Lyric
Poetry.Piano, D. H. Lawrence.Aunt Jennifer's Tigers, Adrienne
Rich.Narrative Poetry.Sir Patrick Spence, Anonymous.“Out, Out—,”
Robert Frost.Dramatic Poetry.My Last Duchess, Robert
Browning.Writer's Perspective.Adrienne Rich on Writing, Recalling
“Aunt Jennifer's Tigers”.Writing Critically.Can a Poem be
Paraphrased?Ask Me, William Stafford.William Stafford, A Paraphrase
of “Ask Me”.
13. Listening to a Voice.
Tone.My Papa's Waltz, Theodore Roethke.For a Lady I Know, Countee
Cullen.The Author to Her Book, Anne Bradstreet.To a Locomotive in
Winter, Walt Whitman.I like to see it lap the Miles, Emily
Dickinson.For My Daughter, Weldon Kees.The Person in the Poem.Birch
Canoe, Carter Revard.Luke Havergal, Edwin Arlington Robinson.The
Gold Lily, Louise Glück.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, William
Wordsworth.A Glass of Beer, James Stephens.The Red Wheelbarrow,
William Carlos Williams.Irony.Oh No, Robert Creeley.The Unknown
Citizen, W. H. Auden.The Golf Links, Sarah N. Cleghorn.I Stop
Writing the Poem, Tess Gallagher.The Workbox, Thomas Hardy.For
Review and Further Study.High Treason, José Emilio Pacheco.At the
Un-National Monument Along the Canadian Border, William Stafford.To
Lucasta, Richard Lovelace.Dulce et Decorum Est, Wilfred
Owen.Writer's Perspective.Wilfred Owen on Writing, War
Poetry.Writing Critically.Paying Attention to the Obvious.Student
Essay, Word Choice and Point of View in Roethke's “My Papa's
Waltz”.
14. Words.
Literal Meaning: What a Poem Says First.This Is Just to Say,
William Carlos Williams.Silence, Marianne Moore.Down, Wanton,
Down!, Robert Graves.Looking Up at Leaves, Barbara Howes.Batter my
heart, three-personed God, for You, John Donne.The Value of a
Dictionary.In the Elegy Season, Richard Wilbur.Friend, on This
Scaffold Thomas More Lies Dead, J. V. Cunningham.Advice to a Friend
Who Paints, Kelly Cherry.Aftermath, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.Word
Choice and Word Order.Reason, Josephine Miles.How I Came to Have a
Man's Name, Emma Lee Warrior.The Ruined Maid, Thomas Hardy.The Fury
of Aerial Bombardment, Richard Eberhart.Lonely Hearts, Wendy
Cope.For Review and Further Study.anyone lived in a pretty how
town, e. e. cummings.Upon Julia's Clothes, Robert Herrick.Carnation
Milk, Anonymous.My Heart Leaps Up When I Behold, William
Wordsworth.Mutability, William Wordsworth.Jabberwocky, Lewis
Carroll.Writer's Perspective.Lewis Carroll on Writing, Humpty
Dumpty Explicates “Jabberwocky”. Writing Critically.How Much
Difference Does a Word Make?
15. Saying and Suggesting.
Cargoes, John Masefield.London, William Blake.Disillusionment of
Ten O'Clock, Wallace Stevens.The Bean Eaters, Gwendolyn
Brooks.Epitaph, Timothy Steele.The Listeners, Walter de la
Mare.Fire and Ice, Robert Frost.Song, Cynthia Zarin.Tears, Idle
Tears, Alfred, Lord Tennyson.Love Calls Us to the Things of This
World, Richard Wilbur.Writer's Perspective.Richard Wilbur on
Writing, Concerning “Love Calls Us to the Things of This World”.
Writing Critically.The Ways a Poem Suggests.
16. Imagery.
In a Station of the Metro, Ezra Pound.The Piercing Chill I Feel,
Taniguchi Buson.The Winter Evening Settles Down, T.S. Eliot.Root
Cellar, Theodore Roethke.The Fish, Elizabeth Bishop.A Route of
Evanescence, Emily Dickinson.Reapers, Jean Toomer.Pied Beauty,
Gerard Manley Hopkins.About Haiku.The Falling Flower, Arakida
Moritake.Heat-lightning Streak, Matsuo Basho.In the Old Stone Pool,
Matsuo Basho.On the One-ton Temple Bell, Taniguchi Buson.I Go,
Taniguchi Buson.Only One Guy, Kobayashi Issa.Cricket, Kobayashi
Issa.A Selection of Haiku, Gary Snyder, Jennifer Brutschy, Hayden
Carruth, Etheridge Knight.For Review and Further Study.Bright Star!
Would I Were Steadfast as Thou Art, John Keats.The Runner, Walt
Whitman.Image, T. E. Hulme.Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter,
Robert Bly.Mid-August at Sourdough Mountain Lookout, Gary
Snyder.Heat, H. D.Not Waving but Drowning, Stevie Smith.Writer's
Perspective.Ezra Pound on Writing, The Image.Writing
Critically.Analyzing Images.Student Paper, Elizabeth Bishop's Use
of Imagery in “The Fish”.
17. Figures of Speech.
Why Speak Figuratively?The Eagle, Alfred, Lord Tennyson.Shall I
Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?, William Shakespeare.Shall I
Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?, Howard Moss.Metaphor and Simile.My
Life Had Stood—a Loaded Gun, Emily Dickinson.Flower in the Crannied
Wall, Alfred, Lord Tennyson.To See a World in a Grain of Sand,
William Blake.Metaphors, Sylvia Plath.Simile, N. Scott
Momaday.Other Figures.The Wind, James Stephens.Elegy, Written with
His Own Hand, Chidiock Tichborne.You fit into me, Margaret
Atwood.The Cathedral Is, John Ashbery.For Review and Further
Study.The Silken Tent, Robert Frost.Leaving Forever, Denise
Levertov.The Suitor, Jane Kenyon.The Secret Sits, Robert Frost.Song
of Man Chipping an Arrowhead, W. S. Merwin.Coward, A. R.
Ammons.Writer's Perspective.Robert Frost on Writing, The Importance
of Poetic Metaphor.Writing Critically.How Metaphors Enlarge a
Poem's Meaning.
18. Song.
Singing and Saying.To Celia, Ben Jonson.The Cruel Mother,
Anonymous.Peter Piper, Run D.M.C.Take, O, Take Those Lips Away,
William Shakespeare.Richard Cory, Edwin Arlington Robinson.Richard
Cory, Paul Simon.Ballads.Bonny Barbara Allan, Anonymous.Ballad of
Birmingham, Dudley Randall.Blues.Jailhouse Blues, Bessie Smith with
Clarence Williams.Funeral Blues, W. H. Auden.For Review and Further
Study.Eleanor Rigby, John Lennon and Paul McCartney.Writer's
Perspective.Paul McCartney on Writing, Creating “Eleanor
Rigby”.Writing Critically.Is There a Difference between Poetry and
Song?
19. Sound.
Sound as Meaning.True Ease in Writing comes from Art, not Chance,
Alexander Pope.Who Goes with Fergus?, William Butler Yeats.Recital,
John Updike.The Watch, Frances Cornford.Alliteration and
Assonance.Eight O'Clock, A. E. Housman.Upon Julia's Voice, Robert
Herrick.The splendor falls on castle walls, Alfred, Lord
Tennyson.Rime.On my boat on Lake Cayuga, William Cole.The Angel
that Presided O'er my Birth, William Blake.The Hippopotamus,
Hilaire Belloc.God's Grandeur, Gerard Manley Hopkins.Narcissus and
Echo, Fred Chappell.Desert Places, Robert Frost.Reading and Hearing
Poems Out Loud.In Memoriam John Coltrane, Michael Stillman.Full
Fathom Five Thy Father Lies, William Shakespeare.Virginia, T.S.
Eliot.Writer's Perspective.T. S. Eliot on Writing, The Music of
Poetry.Writing Critically.Is it Possible to Write About
Sound?
20. Rhythm.
Stresses and Pauses.We Real Cool, Gwendolyn Brooks.Break, Break,
Break, Alfred, Lord Tennyson.Slow, Slow, Fresh Fount, Keep Time
with my Salt Tears, Ben Jonson,With Serving Still, Sir Thomas
Wyatt.Résumé, Dorothy Parker.Meter.On the Imprint of the First
English Edition of The Works of Max Beerbohm, Max Beerbohm.On
Seeing a Hair of Lucretia Borgia, Walter Savage Landor.Counting-out
Rhyme, Edna St. Vincent Millay.When I was one-and-twenty, A. E.
Housman.The Descent of Winter, William Carlos Williams.Beat! Beat!
Drums!, Walt Whitman.Song of the Powers, David Mason.Writer's
Perspective.Gwendolyn Brooks on Writing, Hearing “We Real
Cool”.Writing Critically.Freeze-Framing the Sound.
21. Closed
Form.
Formal Patterns.This Living Hand, Now Warm and Capable, John
Keats.Counting the Beats, Robert Graves.Song (“Go and catch a
falling star”), John Donne.The Sonnet.Let Me Not to the Marriage of
True Minds, William Shakespeare.What Lips my Lips Have Kissed, and
Where, and Why, Edna St. Vincent Millay.Acquainted with the Night,
Robert Frost.First Poem For You, Kim Addonizio.Scenes from the
Playroom, R. S. Gwynn.The Epigram.A Selection of Epigrams,
Alexander Pope, Sir John Harrington, Robert Herrick, Langston
Hughes, J. V. Cunningham, John Frederick Nims, Stevie Smith,
Hilaire Belloc, Wendy Cope.Other Forms.Do not go Gentle into that
Good Night, Dylan Thomas.Triolet, Robert Bridge.Sestina, Elizabeth
Bishop.Writer's Perspective.Robert Graves on Writing, Poetic
Inspiration and Poetic Form.Writing Critically.Turning
Points.
22. Open Form.
Six Variations (Part III), Denise Levertov.Buffalo Bill 's, E. E.
Cummings.The Dance, William Carlos Williams.The Heart, Stephen
Crane.Cavalry Crossing a Ford, Walt Whitman.Thirteen Ways of
Looking at a Blackbird, Wallace Stevens.The Colonel, Carolyn
Forché.Visual Poetry.Easter Wings, George Herbert.Swan and Shadow,
John Hollander.Concrete Cat, Dorthi Charles.Seeing the Logic of
Open Form.in Just-, E. E. Cummings.Jump Cabling, Linda
Pastan.Homage to my Hips, Lucille Clifton.I Shall Paint My Nails
Red, Carole Satyamurti.Writer's Perspective.Walt Whitman on
Writing, The Poetry of the Future.Writing Critically.Lining Up For
Free Verse.
23. Symbol.
The Boston Evening Transcript, T.S. Eliot.The Lightning is a Yellow
Fork, Emily Dickinson.Neutral Tones, Thomas Hardy.The Parable of
the Good Seed, Matthew 13:24-30.Redemption, George Herbert.The Road
Not Taken, Robert Frost.Uphill, Christina Rossetti.For Review and
Further Study.The Beaks of Eagles, Robinson Jeffers.The Flight,
Sara Teasdale.Poem (“As the cat”), William Carlos Williams.Carrie,
Ted Kooser.Popcorn-can Cover, Lorine Niedecker.Anecdote of the Jar,
Wallace Stevens.Writer's Perspective.William Butler Yeats on
Writing, Poetic Symbols.Writing Critically.How to Read a
Symbol.
24. Myth and Narrative.
Nothing Gold Can Stay, Robert Frost.The Oxen, Thomas Hardy.The
World Is Too Much with Us, William Wordsworth.Medusa, Louise
Bogan.Personal Myth.The Second Coming, William Butler Yeats.Myth
and Popular Culture.Taken Up, Charles Martin.Cinderella, Anne
Sexton.Writer's Perspective.Anne Sexton on Writing, Transforming
Fairy Tales.Writing Critically.Demystifying Myth.
25. Poetry and
Personal Identity.
Lady Lazarus, Sylvia Plath.The Women on my Mother's Side Were
Known, Julia Alvarez.Race and Ethnicity.America, Claude McKay.Poem
in Which I Refuse Contemplation, Rita Dove.The Shrine Whose Shape I
Am, Samuel Menashe.The X in My Name, Francisco X. Alarcón.For the
White Poets Who Would be Indian, Wendy Rose.Facing It, Yusef
Komunyakaa.Gender.Sous-Entendu, Anne Stevenson.Men at Forty, Donald
Justice.Women, Adrienne Rich.For Review and Further Study.To Li Po,
Shirley Geok-lin Lim.Quinceañera, Judith Ortiz Cofer.Aubade, Philip
Larkin.Writer's Perspective.Julia Alvarez on Writing, Discovering
My Voice in English.Writing Critically.Poetic Voice and Personal
Identity.
26. Evaluating a Poem.
O Moon, When I Gaze on thy Beautiful Face, Anonymous.Life, Grace
Treasone.My Wife Is My Shirt, Stephen Tropp.A Dying Tiger—moaned
for Drink, Emily Dickinson.Thoughts on Capital Punishment, Rod
McKuen.Traveling Through the Dark, William Stafford.Knowing
Excellence.Sailing to Byzantium, William Butler Yeats.On the Vanity
of Earthly Greatness, Arthur Guiterman.Ozymandias, Percy Bysshe
Shelley.My mistress' Eyes are Nothing Like the Sun, William
Shakespeare.Four-Word Lines, May Swenson.Elegy Written in a Country
Churchyard, Thomas Gray.The New Colossus, Emma Lazarus.Annabel Lee,
Edgar Allan Poe.Writer's Perspective.Edgar Allan Poe on Writing, A
Long Poem Does Not Exist.Writing Critically.How to Begin Evaluating
a Poem.
27. What is Poetry?
28. Two Poets in Depth.
Emily Dickinson.Biographical Note.Emily Dickinson, Success is
counted sweetest, Wild Nights—Wild Nights!, I Felt a Funeral, in my
Brain, I'm Nobody! Who are you?, The Soul selects her own Society,
After great pain, a formal feeling comes, Because I could not stop
for Death, Some keep the Sabbath going to Church, Tell all the
Truth but tell it slant.Writer's Perspective.Emily Dickinson on
Writing, Recognizing Poetry.Langston Hughes.Biographical
Note.Langston Hughes, The Negro Speaks of Rivers, The Weary Blues,
I, Too, Song for a Dark Girl, Island, Subway Rush Hour, Sliver,
Harlem [Dream Deferred], Theme for English B.Writer's
Perspective.Langston Hughes on Writing, The Negro Artist and the
Racial Mountain.Suggestions for Writing.
29. Poems for Further
Reading.
Edward, Anonymous.The Twa Corbies, Anonymous.Western Wind,
Anonymous.Last Words of the Prophet (Navajo Mountain Chant),
Anonymous.Dover Beach, Matthew Arnold.At North Farm, John
Ashbery.Siren Song, Margaret Atwood.As I Walked Out One Evening, W.
H. Auden.Musée des Beaux Arts, W. H. Auden.One Art, Elizabeth
Bishop.The Tyger, William Blake.Love and Friendship, Emily
Brontë.The Mother, Gwendolyn Brooks.How Do I Love Thee? Let Me
Count the Ways, Elizabeth Barrett.Soliloquy of the Spanish
Cloister, Robert Browning.Kubla Khan, Samuel Taylor
Coleridge.somewhere i have never traveled, gladly beyond, E. E.
Cummings.Death be not proud, John Donne.The Flea, John
Donne.Daystar, Rita Dove.To the Memory of Mr. Oldham, John
Dryden.The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, T.S. Eliot.Indian
Boarding School: The Runaways, Louise Erdrich.Birches, Mending
Wall, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, Robert Frost.A
Supermarket in California, Allen Ginsberg.Names of Horses, Donald
Hall.The Convergence of the Twain, Hap, Thomas Hardy.Those Winter
Sundays, Robert Hayden.Helen, H. D.Digging, Seamus Heaney.Love,
George Herbert.To the Virgins to Make Much of Time, Robert
Herrick.Spring and Fall, The Windhover, Gerald Manley
Hopkins.Loveliest of Trees, the Cherry Now, A. E. Housman.To an
Athlete Dying Young, A. E. Housman.The Death of the Ball Turret
Gunner, Randall Jarrell.To the Stone-cutters, Robinson Jeffers.On
My First Son, Ben Jonson.On the Death of Friends in Childhood,
Donald Justice.Ode on a Grecian Urn, John Keats.On First Looking
into Chapman's Homer. When I Have Fears that I may cease to be, To
Autumn, John Keats.Poetry of Departures, Philip Larkin.The Bull
Calf, Irving Layton.Animals Are Passing from Our Lives, Philip
Levine.My Father's Martial Art, Stephen Shu-ning Liu.Skunk Hour,
Robert Lowell.The End of the World, Archibald MacLeish.To His Coy
Mistress, Andrew Marvell.Recuerdo, Edna St. Vincent
Millay.Methought I saw my Late Espous'd Saint, John Milton.When I
consider how my Light is Spent, John Milton.The Mind is an
Enchanting Thing, Marianne Moore.Famous, Naomi Shihab Nye.The One
Girl at the Boys' Party, Sharon Olds.Anthem for Doomed Youth,
Wilfred Owen.Ethics, Linda Pastan.Con Los Ojos Cerrados, Octavio
Paz.With Our Eyes Shut, Octavio Paz, translated by John
Felstiner.Daddy, Sylvia Plath.To Helen, Edgar Allan Poe.A little
Learning is a Dang'rous Thing, Alexander Pope.The River-Merchant's
Wife: A Letter, Ezra Pound.A Different Image, Dudley Randall.Bells
for John Whiteside's Daughter, John Crowe Ransom.Naming of Parts,
Henry Reed.Peeling Onions, Adrienne Rich.Power, Adrienne
Rich.Miniver Cheevy, Edward Arlington Robinson.Elegy for Jane,
Theodore Roethke.Not Marble nor the Gilded Monuments, William
Shakespeare.That time of year thou mayst in me behold, William
Shakespeare.When, in disgrace with Fortune and Men's Eyes, William
Shakespeare.Titanic, David R. Slavitt.American Primitive, William
Jay Smith.Stamp Collecting, Cathy Song.At the Klamath Berry
Festival, William Stafford.The Emperor of Ice-Cream, Wallace
Stevens.Ulysses, Alfred, Lord Tennyson.Fern Hill, Dylan
Thomas.Ex-Basketball Player, John Updike.Red Rooster, Yellow Sky,
Amy Uyematsu.The Virgins, Derek Walcott.Go, Lovely Rose, Edmund
Waller.A Noiseless Patient Spider, Walt Whitman.I Saw in Louisiana
a Live-Oak Growing, Walt Whitman.The Writer, Richard Wilbur.Spring
and All, William Carlos Williams.To Waken an Old Lady, William
Carlos Williams.At the San Francisco Airport, Yvor Winters.Composed
upon Westminster Bridge, William Wordsworth.A Blessing, James
Wright.Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio, James Wright.In this
Strange Labyrinth, Mary Sidney Wroth.They flee from me that
sometime did me seke, Sir Thomas Wyatt.Crazy Jane Talks with the
Bishop, William Butler Yeats.The Magi, William Butler Yeats.When
You Are Old, William Butler Yeats.
30. Lives of the
Poets.
Drama.
31. Reading a Play.
A Play in its Elements.Trifles, Susan Glaspell.Tragedy and
Comedy.Prodigal Son, Garrison Keillor.Writer's Perspective.Susan
Glaspell on Drama, Creating Trifles.Writing Critically.Conflict
Resolution.Student Essay, Outside Trifles.
32. The Theater of
Sophocles.
Oedipus the King, Sophocles [translated by Dudley Fitts and Robert
Fitzgerald].Aristotle's Concept of Tragedy.Writer's
Perspective.Aristotle on Drama, Tragedy.Writing Critically.Some
Things Change. Some Things Don't.
33. The Theater of
Shakespeare.
The Tragedy of Othello, Moor of Venice, William
Shakespeare.Writer's Perspective.W. H. Auden on Drama, Iago as a
Triumphant Villain.Writing Critically.Breaking the Language
Barrier.
34. The Modern Theater.
Realism and Naturalism.A Doll's House, Henrik Ibsen [translated by
James McFarlane].Writer's Perspective.George Bernard Shaw on Drama,
Ibsen and the Familiar Situation.Tragicomedy and the Absurd.The
Cuban Swimmer, Milcha Sanchez-Scott.Writer's Perspective.Milcha
Sanchez-Scott on Drama, Writing the Cuban Swimmer.Writing
Critically.How Realistic is Realism?Student Essay, Helmer vs.
Helmer.
35. Evaluating a Play.
Writing Critically.Critical Performance.
36. Plays for Further
Reading.
The Sound of a Voice, David Henry Hwang.Writer's Perspective.David
Henry Hwang on Drama, Multicultural Theater.Death of a Salesman,
Arthur Miller.Writer's Perspective.Arthur Miller on Drama, Tragedy
and the Common Man.The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams.Writer's
Perspective.Tennessee Williams on Drama, How to Stage the Glass
Menagerie.Joe Turner's Come and Gone, August Wilson.Writer's
Perspective.
August Wilson On Drama, Black Experience in
America.
Writing.
37. Writing about Literature.
Beginning.Discovering and Planning.Drafting and Revising.The Form
of Your Finished Paper.Documenting Your Sources.Reference Guide for
Citations.Keeping a Journal.
38. Writing about a Story.
Explicating.Student Essay (Explication).Analyzing.Student Essay
(Analysis).Student Card Report.Comparing and
Contrasting.Suggestions for Writing.
39. Writing about a
Poem.
Explicating.Design, Robert Frost.Student Essay
(Explication).Analyzing.Student Essay (Analysis).Comparing and
Contrasting.Wing-Spread, Abbie Huston Evans.Student Essay
(Comparison and Contrast).How to Quote a Poem.In White (early draft
of Design), Robert Frost.
40. Writing about a Play.
Methods.How to Quote a Play.Reviewing a Play.Student Drama
Review.Suggestions for Writing.
41. Writing and Researching on
the Computer.
Writing And Revising.Using Spell-Check Programs.Researching On the
World Wide Web.Two Ways to Start Researching.Plagiarism.Literature
Online.
42. Critical Approaches to Literature.
Formalist Criticism.The Formalist Critic, Cleanth Brooks.Light and
Darkness in “Sonny's Blues,” Michael Clark.Biographical
Criticism.The Relationship of Poet and Poem, Leslie Fiedler.On
Elizabeth Bishop's “One Art,” Brett C. Millier. Historical
Criticism.Southern Sources of “A Good Man Is Hard to Find,” Sally
Fitzgerald.On Langston Hughes, Darryl Pinckney.Psychological
Criticism.The Destiny of Oedipus, Sigmund Freud.The Father-Figure
in “The Tell-Tale Heart,” Daniel Hoffman.Mythological
Criticism.Mythic Archetypes, Northrop Frye.Lucifer in Shakespeare's
Othello, Maud Bodkin.Sociological Criticism.Content Determines
Form, Georg Lukacs.Money and Labor in “The Rocking-Horse Winner,”
Daniel P. Watkins.Gender Criticism.Toward a Feminist Poetics,
Elaine Showalter.The Freedom of Emily Dickinson, Sandra M. Gilbert
and Susan Gubar.Reader-Response Criticism.An Eskimo “A Rose for
Emily,” Stanley Fish.“How Do We Make a Poem?,” Robert
Scholes.Deconstructionist Criticism.The Death of the Author, Roland
Barthes.Geoffrey Hartman, On Wordsworth's A Slumber Did My Spirit
Seal. Cultural Studies.Poststructuralist Cultural Critique, Vincent
Leitch.What is Cultural Studies?, Mark Bauerlein.Index of Major
Themes.Index of Authors and Titles.Index of Literary Terms.
