Table of Contents

• Chapter One: What Logic Is and Is Not
• 1.1 What Logic Can and Cannot Do
• 1.2 Arguments
• 1.3 Statements and Sentences
• 1.4 Defining Inductive and Deductive Arguments
• 1.5 Induction
• 1.6 Deduction
• Chapter Two: Everyday Mistakes in Reasoning
• 2.1 Logical vs. Psychological Mistakes
• 2.2 Some Typical Psychological Mistakes: A discussion of some typical "informal fallacies"
• 2.3 How Can Mistakes in Reasoning be Avoided?
• Chapter Three: Classical Logic
• 3.1 Aristotle and His Importance
• 3.2 Classes and Categorical Propositions
• 3.3 The Square of Opposition
• 3.4 A Sketch of Some Related Philosophical Issues
• 3.5 Symbolizing and Diagramming the Categorical Propositions
• 3.6 Putting the Pieces Together: Categorical Syllogisms
• 3.7 Testing Categorical Syllogisms for Validity: Venn Diagrams
• 3.8 Testing Categorical Syllogisms for Validity: Aristotle's Way
• 3.9 Getting the Most Out of Classical Logic
• Chapter Four: Contemporary Logic
• 4.1 Why Classical Logic Has Not Been Rendered Obsolete
• 4.2 Advantages of Constructing a Symbolic Language
• 4.3 Symbolic Logic as a Game
• 4.4 Learning the Game: What Gets Symbolized?
• 4.5 Truth Tables for Conjunction, Disjunction, and Negation
• 4.6 Punctuation in Symbolic Logic
• 4.7 Material Implication and Its Truth Table
• 4.8 Testing Arguments With Truth Tables
• 4.9 Tautologies, Contradictions, and Contingent Statements
• 4.10 Material and Logical Equivalence
• Chapter Five: Formal Proof of the Validity of Arguments
• 5.1 How Truth Tables Can Get Complicated
• 5.2 Truth Tables and Formal Proof Compared
• 5.3 The Rules of Inference and Substitution Instances
• 5.4 Putting Together Formal Proofs
• 5.5 The Rule of Replacement and Its Role in Formal Proof
• 5.6 Formal Proof and Invalid Arguments
• 5.7 Validity and Inconsistent Premises
• 5.8 Quantification: Classical and Contemporary Logic Meet
• Chapter Six: Some Further Considerations
• 6.1 The Applicability of Logic to Our Lives
• 6.2 Why Mr. Data is Not the Captain of the Enterprise
• 6.3 Why Mr. Data is Important to the Enterprise
• Glossary of Common Terms
• Answers to All Exercises
• More Exercises for Practice