Table of Contents

I. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND OVERVIEW
1. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Overview
SALEH ADI AND ANDREA GERARD GONZALEZ
2. Prediabetes: Prevalence, Pathogenesis, and Recognition of Enhanced Risk
ALOK K. GUPTA, AJAY MENON, MEGHAN BRASHEAR AND WILLIAM D. JOHNSON
3. Targeting Prediabetes to Preempt Diabetes
SREEDHARAN N, MAHADEV RAO AND SONAL SEKHAR M
4. Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Youths: New Challenges to Overcome
NICOLA SANTORO, COSIMO GIANNINI AND SONIA CAPRIO
5. Roles of Environmental Pollution and Pesticides in Diabetes and Obesity: The Epidemiological Evidence
CHARLES J. EVERETT, DANIRA MEDUNJANIN AND IVAR L. FRITHSEN
6. An Overview of the Roles of the Gut Microbiome in Obesity and Diabetes
GILLIAN M. BARLOW, EUGENIA A. LIN AND RUCHI MATHUR

II. TYPES OF DIABETES AND ITS CORRELATION WITH OTHER DISEASES
7. Role of Peripheral Neuropathy in the Development of Foot Ulceration and Impaired Wound Healing in Diabetes Mellitus
FRANCESCO TECILAZICH AND ARISTIDIS VEVES
8. The Association of Diabetes in the Onset of Dementia in the Elderly Population: An Overview
ABHAI KUMAR AND SMITA SINGH
9. The Role of Insulin Resistance in the Cardiorenal Syndrome
ADAM WHALEY-CONNELL AND JAMES R. SOWERS
10. An Overview on Diabetic Nephropathy
KEI FUKAMI AND SHO-ICHI YAMAGISHI
11. An Overview of Diabetic Retinopathy
SHINTARO NAKAO, SHIGEO YOSHIDA AND KOH-HEI SONODA
12. An Overview of Gestational Diabetes
CHRISTOPHER FEDERICO AND GABRIELLA PRIDJIAN
13. Diabetes, a Potential Threat to the Development and Progression of Tumor Cells in Individuals
SAYANTAN MAITRA, STABAK DAS AND PRADIPTA BANERJEE

III. MOLECULAR INSIGHTS OF DIABETES AND METABOLIC SYNDROME
14. Lipid-Induced Insulin Resistance: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
SATINATH MUKHOPADHYAY, DEEP DUTTA AND DIPYAMAN GANGULY
15. Gene–Environment Interaction in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes
KIAN-PENG GOH
16. Renal Sodium-Glucose Transporter-2 Inhibitors and Antidiabetic Agents
ANAND S. NAIR, DEBASIS BAGCHI AND SREEJAYAN NAIR
17. Emerging Role of MicroRNA in Diabetes Mellitus
ANAND S. NAIR AND DEBASIS BAGCHI

IV. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
18. Insulin Resistance Syndrome: A Crucial Example Where a Physiological Continuum of Risks Needs Attention
HARRY G. PREUSS
19. Sleep Disturbances, Hypertension, and Type 2 Diabetes
MICHELLE A. MILLER AND FRANCESCO P. CAPPUCCIO
20. Roles of Pancreatic Cell Function, Liver, Skeletal Muscle, and Adipose Tissue in Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome
BEVERLY S. MÜHLHÄUSLER
21. Glycemic Variability and Its Clinical Implications
NARSINGH VERMA
22. Diabetic Wound Inflammation
SCOTT CHAFFEE, AMITAVA DAS, SUMAN SANTRA AND SASHWATI ROY
23. Sarcopenia, Diabetes, and Nutritional Intervention
SHEILA M. WICKS, IVAN SALAMON, ANGELA I. CALDERON, ESPERANZA CARCACHE DE BLANCO AND GAIL B. MAHADY

V. PREVENTION AND TREATMENT 1: DIET, EXERCISE, SUPPLEMENTS AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES
24. Dietary Polyphenols, Gut Microbiota, and Intestinal Epithelial Health
MEIJUN ZHU
25. Reducing the Risk of Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome With Exercise and Physical Activity
DAWN BLATT AND CHERI L. GOSTIC
26. Nutraceutical Impact on the Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus
ODETE MENDES, LEE KOETZNER AND JAYSON CHEN
27. Therapeutic Effect of Fucoxanthin on Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes
KAZUO MIYASHITA, SHOW NISHIKAWA AND MASASHI HOSOKAWA
28. Safety and Antidiabetic Efficacy of a Novel Trigonella foenum-graecum Seed Extract
ANAND SWAROOP, MANASHI BAGCHI, HARRY G. PREUSS AND DEBASIS BAGCHI
29. Beneficial Effects of Chromium(III) and Vanadium Supplements in Diabetes
JOHN B. VINCENT
30. Protective Role of Alpha-Tocopherol in Diabetic Nephropathy
DAIKI HAYASHI AND YASUHITO SHIRAI
31. Antidiabetic Activity of Curcumin: Insight Into Its Mechanisms of Action
MARZENA WOJCIK, MICHAL KRAWCZYK AND LUCYNA A. WOZNIAK
32. Meal Plans for Diabetics: Caloric Intake, Calorie Counting, and Glycemic Index
PAULIN MOSZCZYŃSKI AND ZBIGNIEW TABAROWSKI

VI. PREVENTION AND TREATMENT 2: DRUGS AND PHARMACEUTICALS
33. The Evolution of Glucose-Lowering Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes
ANDREW J. KRENTZ AND ALAN J. SINCLAIR
34. Current Antidiabetic Drugs: Review of Their Efficacy and Safety
MD. AKIL HOSSAIN AND ROKEYA PERVIN
35. HDACs in Diabetes: A New Era of Epigenetic Drug
LUÍS F. SCHÜTZ, MIN HI PARK AND MAHUA CHOUDHURY

VII. NOVEL INNOVATIONS
36. Noninvasive Blood Glucose Measurement
YASUHIRO UWADAIRA AND AKIFUMI IKEHATA

VIII. DIABETES IN ANIMALS AND TREATMENT
37. Diabetes Mellitus in Animals: Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus in Dogs and CatsDEBORAH S. GRECO

About the Author

Debasis Bagchi, PhD, MACN, CNS, MAIChE, received his Ph.D. in Medicinal Chemistry in 1982. He is a Professor in the Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, and Chief Scientific Officer at Cepham Research Center, Piscataway, NJ, Adjunct Faculty in Texas Southern University, Houston, TX. He served as the Senior Vice President of Research & Development of InterHealth Nutraceuticals Inc, Benicia, CA, from 1998 until Feb 2011, and then as Director of Innovation and Clinical Affairs, of Iovate Health Sciences, Oakville, ON, until June 2013. Dr. Bagchi received the Master of American College of Nutrition Award in October 2010. He is the Past Chairman of International Society of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (ISNFF), Past President of American College of Nutrition, Clearwater, FL, and Past Chair of the Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Division of Institute of Food Technologists (IFT), Chicago, IL. He is serving as a Distinguished Advisor on the Japanese Institute for Health Food Standards (JIHFS), Tokyo, Japan. Dr. Bagchi is a Member of the Study Section and Peer Review Committee of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. He has published 321 papers in peer reviewed journals, 30 books, and 18 patents. Dr. Bagchi is also a Member of the Society of Toxicology, Member of the New York Academy of Sciences, Fellow of the Nutrition Research Academy, and Member of the TCE stakeholder Committee of the Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH. He is also Associate Editor for the Journal of Functional Foods, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, and the Archives of Medical and Biomedical Research, and is also serving as Editorial Board Member of numerous peer reviewed journals, including Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, Cancer Letters, Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, and The Original Internist, among others. Dr. Sreejayan Nair is a Professor of Pharmacology and the Associate Dean for Research in the School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Wyoming. He also serves as the Director of the interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program in the University of Wyoming. Dr. Nair earned his bachelors, masters and PhD degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, India. He received his post-doctoral trainings at the Department of Medicine-II, Ludwig Maximillians University, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany, and at the Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN. His research interests are diabetes and cardiovascular disease. He has published over 75 research papers in peer-reviewed journals and presented at various national and international conferences. His research has been funded by the American Heart Association, American Diabetes Association, and the National Institutes of Health. He has co-edited three books related to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. He is a Fellow of the American College of Nutrition.